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Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (, 1235 – 15 December 1280), was the fifth leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism. He was also the first Imperial Preceptor of Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty, division of the Mongol Empire, and was concurrently named the director of the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs. Historical tradition remembers him as the first vice-ruler of Tibet under the Mongol Khagan as well as one of the Five Sakya patriarchs (). Although this is historically disputed, he played an important political role. ==Early life== Phagpa was born in Ngari (West Tibet) in 1235 as the son of Zangtsa Sonam Gyaltsen (1184-1239), a member of the Khon family which held hereditary power over the Sakya Monastery in the Tsang region.〔(Dominique Townsend (2010), 'Pakpa Lodro Gyeltsen' )〕 His mother was Jomo Konchog Kyi.〔Shoju Inaba (1963) "The lineage of the Sa skya pa: A chapter of the Red Annals", ''Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko'' 22, p. 108.〕 He was the nephew of Sakya Pandita (1182-1251), who began the relationship between Sakya and the Mongol conquerors after their first invasion of Tibet in 1240. In 1244, Sakya Pandita left Sakya in order to visit the royal camp of Godan Khan, son of Ögedei Khan, to act as intermediary between the Mongols and Tibetans. He brought with him his young nephews, the ten years-old Phagpa and his brother, the six years-old Chakna Dorje. On the way, they stopped in Lhasa, where Phagpa took the vows of a śrāmaṇera at the Jokhang in front of the statue of the Jowo offered by the Princess Wencheng, the Chinese wife of Songtsän Gampo.〔Thomas Laird (2006) ''The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama'', pp. 114-117. Grove Press, New York. ISBN 978-0-8021-1827-1.〕 Sakya Pandita preached sermons along his way and arrived at Godan's camp in Liangzhou in 1247. There the Mongol troops were exterminating Han Chinese by throwing them in a river.〔Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa (1967) ''Tibet: A Political History''. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, p. 63.〕 Sakya Pandita, horrified, gave religious instructions, in particular stressing that killing a sentient being is one of the worst acts according to Buddhism.〔 He gave religious instruction to the prince and greatly impressed the court with his personality and powerful teachings. He is also said to have cured Godan of a serious illness.〔Thubten Jigme Norbu and Colin Turnbull (1969) ''Tibet: Its History, Religion and People''. Chatto & Windus (1969). Reprint: Penguin Books (1987), p. 195, assert that Sakya Pandita, with the help of his nephew Phagpa, adapted the Uighur script so that the Buddhist Scriptures could be translated into Mongolian. This is not clear from more detailed studies, which indicate that the developnent of the new script took place much later, in the 1260s.〕 In return, Drogön Chögyel Phagpa was supposedly given "temporal authority over the 13 myriarchies (Chuksum'' ) of Central Tibet."〔Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa (1967) p. 63.〕 Since the myriarchies had not yet emerged as a territorial unit, this cannot be entirely correct. Tibetan historians quote a letter that Sakya Pandita wrote to the local leaders of Tibet in 1249 where he stated that they henceforth must carry out the administration of their fiefs in consultation with the Sakya envoys and in accordance with Mongol law.〔Luciano Petech (1990) ''Central Tibet and the Mongols: The Yüan-Sa skya pa period in Tibetan history''. Rome, p. 9. There are some questions about the authencity of the letter that Sakya Pandita wrote to the Tibetans; see David P. Jackson (1987) ('Sa-skya Pandita's letter to the Tibetans' ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Drogön Chögyal Phagpa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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